Transcriptional landscapes of floral meristems in barley Science Advances
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains, particularly in Eurasia as early as 10,000 years ago. Globally 70% of barley production is used as animal fodder, while 30% as a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various foods.
Schematic diagram representing barley grown with or without competition... Download Scientific
(A) In wild-type barley, the developing inflorescence consists of one central determinate spikelet (CS), which contains a lemma (Le, blue) and a palea (Pa, red) that enclose floral organs. The bdi1 mutant forms an indeterminate CS with extended branches, and thickened cell walls form within the palea (Poursarebani et al., 2020). (B) In rice, a mutation in OsREP1 forms a smaller palea (Yuan et.
Inflorescence Spikelet
Barley has a diploid chromosome number of 14 and is self-pollinating. In 2016/2017 barley production worldwide was 145 million metric tons. This puts barley in fourth place in terms of production behind corn, wheat, and rice. The main barley producing countries are Russia, Germany, France, Ukraine, Australia, and Canada (Fig. 1). Barley is a.
Barley
or rye (Weibe, 1979). Barley is sensitive to winter conditions and will die if the temperature drops below 17ยฐ F (Hannaway et al., 2004). Barley cannot tolerate poorly drained soil, grows well when pH values are between 6.0 - 8.5 (Midwest Cover Crops Council, 2012), and has been used to reclaim saline soils (Hannaway et al., 2004).
Barley Crop Improvement
First Online: 19 August 2018 2160 Accesses 8 Citations Part of the Compendium of Plant Genomes book series (CPG) Abstract Cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare, is the fourth most abundantly grown cereal in the world ( www.fao.org/faostat) and is long associated with human civilisations.
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Summary This chapter focuses on the cultivated species of Hordeum vulgare L ., which includes both the six-rowed and two-rowed types. It discusses the morphology and anatomy according to the various plant parts: seed, roots, shoots, flower, and mature spike.
Plantae Hormonemediated inflorescence patterning in barley () Plantae
flowering and fruiting part of the plant. The floral organs of barley, as of other grasses, are different from those of ordinary flowering plants, though the essential sexual parts are the same. The unit of the inflorescence is the spikolot, which may contain only one flower, as in barley, or several, as in wheat.
Foxtail Millet Plant Diagram
FLORAL BIOLOGY OF BARLEY INTRODUCTION Kingdom: Plantae - Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta - Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta - Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants Class: Liliopsida - Monocotyledons Order: Cyperales Family: Poaceae - Grass family Genus: Hordeum - barley Chromosome number : 2n= 14 BARLEY
Exploring the function of MADSbox genes in barley inflorescence development Faculty of
A spike inflorescence is formed by coordinated cell divisions of the inflorescence meristem (IM) that acropetally produces axillary meristems, each subtended by a leaf meristem forming so-called double ridges (DRs; Fig. 1A ). DR formation constitutes the first visible reproductive structures during early spike development.
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floral development may not continue. Floral development in wheat and barley thus resembles a two-phase system, with the initiation of spikelet primordia on the apex, which is then fol-lowed by floral morphogenesis only if external and internal conditions are favourable (Aspinall, 1966). These earlier physiological studies of shoot apex develop-
Structure of barley in spike. (a) tworow barley spike (left), where... Download Scientific
4 Barley Remains of nucellar epidermis Aleuron~ layer Fig. 1.3 A diagram of the microscopic details of the structures found at the ventral furrow. testa all over the grain except at the apex, where it may be in folds and carry the vestiges of the ovary tip. It may have a more open structure
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The flowers, group together in a central axis or rachis which is composed of nodes and internodes, which bears a group of three spikelets. Spikelets have only one flower. Each barley floret comprises of lemma, palea, lodicules, androecium and gynoecium in the model proposed by Forster et al. . As described in the section "types of barley.
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1. Structure of barley Source publication Chemical Composition in Barley Grains and Malt Quality Chapter Full-text available Jul 2010 Glen Patrick Fox Barley is used for a wide range of.
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barley, ( Hordeum vulgare ), cereal plant of the grass family Poaceae and its edible grain. Grown in a variety of environments, barley is the fourth largest grain crop globally, after wheat, rice, and corn. Barley is commonly used in breads, soups, stews, and health products, though it is primarily grown as animal fodder and as a source of malt.
Flower morphology of the three barley lines, maintainer (cv. Adorra),... Download Scientific
Download scientific diagram | Isolated barley flower and its organs. (A). Barley flower.; (B). Lateral spikelets. (C). Caryopsis. (D). Stamens. (E). Lemma. (F). Palea. Scale-1 mm. from publication.
Poaceae. a Generalized (threeflowered) spikelet. b Flower (lemma... Download Scientific Diagram
A new study finds that regulation of hormone levels during development is crucial for determining the arrangement of flowers on a barley inflorescence, opening new doors for increasing grain yield.